The federal Clean Air Act established the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for the six criteria pollutants to protect the public's health. Pennsylvania has adopted all of the NAAQS standards as well as several standards of its own. Pennsylvania monitors the criteria pollutants to ensure attainment of these standards.
The Clean Air Act established two types of national air quality standards. Primary standards set limits to protect public health, including the health of "sensitive" populations such as asthmatics, children, and the elderly. Secondary standards set limits to protect public welfare, including protection against decreased visibility, damage to animals, crops, vegetation, and buildings.
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
| Pollutant | Average | Concentration | Level | Form | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon Monoxide | primary | 8-hour | 9 ppm | Not to be exceeded more than once per year | |
| 1-hour | 35 ppm | ||||
| Lead | primary and secondary | Rolling 3 month average | 0.15 μg/m3 (1) | Not to be exceeded | |
| Nitrogen Dioxide | primary | 1-hour | 100 ppb | 98th percentile, averaged over 3 years | |
| primary and secondary | Annual | 53 ppb (2) | Annual Mean | ||
| Ozone | primary and secondary | 8-hour | 0.070 ppm (3) | Annual fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hr concentration, averaged over 3 years | |
| Particle Pollution | PM2.5 | primary | Annual | 9 μg/m3 | annual mean, averaged over 3 years |
| secondary | Annual | 15 μg/m3 | annual mean, averaged over 3 years | ||
| primary and secondary | 24-hour | 35 μg/m3 | 98th percentile, averaged over 3 years | ||
| PM10 | primary and secondary | 24-hour | 150 μg/m3 | Not to be exceeded more than once per year on average over 3 years | |
| Sulfur Dioxide | primary | 1-hour | 75 ppb (4) | 99th percentile of 1-hour daily maximum concentrations, averaged over 3 years | |
| secondary | 3-hour | 0.5 ppm | Not to be exceeded more than once per year | ||
(1) Final rule signed October 15, 2008. The 1978 lead standard (1.5 µg/m3 as a quarterly average) remains in effect until one year after an area is designated for the 2008 standard, except that in areas designated nonattainment for the 1978, the 1978 standard remains in effect until implementation plans to attain or maintain the 2008 standard are approved.
(2) The official level of the annual NO2 standard is 0.053 ppm, equal to 53 ppb, which is shown here for the purpose of clearer comparison to the 1-hour standard.
(3) Final rule signed March 12, 2008. The 1997 ozone standard (0.08 ppm, annual fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour concentration, averaged over 3 years) and related implementation rules remain in place. In 1997, EPA revoked the 1-hour ozone standard (0.12 ppm, not to be exceeded more than once per year) in all areas, although some areas have continued obligations under that standard ("anti-backsliding"). The 1-hour ozone standard is attained when the expected number of days per calendar year with maximum hourly average concentrations above 0.12 ppm is less than or equal to 1.
(4) Final rule signed June 2, 2010. The 1971 annual and 24-hour SO2 standards were revoked in that same rulemaking. However, these standards remain in effect until one year after an area is designated for the 2010 standard, except in areas designated nonattainment for the 1971 standards, where the 1971 standards remain in effect until implementation plans to attain or maintain the 2010 standard are approved.
Other Pa. Ambient Air Quality Standards
| Pollutant | Average | Concentration |
|---|---|---|
| Beryllium | 30-Day | 0.01 ug/m3 |
| Fluorides | 24-Hour | 5 ug/m3 |
| Hydrogen Sulfide | 24-Hour 1-Hour | 0.005 ppm 0.1 ppm |